When Iran nationalists replaced the former Western-influenced and US supported leader, Pahlavi, the US jumped to restore him to power. The Shah then Westernized Iran with the help of the US. With all the modernization, there was extreme poverty. In addition, with so much grinding poverty rose an extremist group that opposed Western influence. With a revolution, Khomeini seized power and established an Islamic state. The US continued to be plagued when Khomeini led Anti- US policies. The terrorists seized a US embassy and demanded the Shah to face trial over the threat of murdering kidnapped American hostages. In an attempt to unify Muslims under their hatred towards the US, Khomeini encouraged radical Muslims to overthrow their governments.